Lexicon

Line: the one-dimensional path of a dot through space

Shape (2D): a closed line creating a geometric or organic two-dimensional area (length and width)

Form (3D): a three-dimensional object usually portrayed through overlapping, and shadows (length, width, and depth).

Color: the visible range of reflected light. Color has three properties: hue, value, and intensity (brightness or dullness).

Texture: portrays surface quality; how something appears to feel

Space: the area above, below, around, and within an artwork that creates perspective

Value: the lightness and darkness of a line, shape, or form.

Unity (same/similarities): Elements work well together to create a sense of wholeness. Unity often creates harmony.

• Repetition: Repeated elements to create a pattern, movement, rhythm, and/or unity.

• Alignment/Margins: Arrange your design so all the different elements look united. Space between elements and the edge of the design.

• Balance: Individual parts of a composition appear equally important and/or equal distribution of visual weight throughout the composition.

  • symmetrical: the image or form is equally weighted on both sides of a centerline

    • radial: the weight of the image or form radiates from a center point

  • asymmetrical: the image or form is unevenly weighted

Variety (difference): Differences of elements for visual interest

• Emphasis: Create a focal point, usually using contrast.

  • Contrast: the degree of difference. Contrast is a spectrum from low contrast to high contrast.

  • Rule of thirds: Using a 3x3 grid, place the focal point on one of the cross-points and align other elements with the grid lines.

  • Hierarchy/Movement: Create a hierarchy and draw a viewer’s eye from one point to another. The use of leading lines is common.